Understanding R22 Legality and R22 Phase out: Update 2024

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The Truth About R22 Legality

Contrary to common misconceptions, R22 (also known as HCFC-22 or Freon-22) is NOT illegal to use in existing systems as discussed in R22 Phase-Out article. While new production and imports were banned after January 1, 2020, existing systems can continue to operate and be serviced with recovered or previously produced R22.

What Exactly Is R22?

R22 is a hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) refrigerant that was widely used in air conditioning systems and heat pumps for decades. While highly effective for cooling, it was phased out due to its ozone-depleting properties. The refrigerant is manufactured by Chemours (formerly DuPont) under the trademark "Freon."



The EPA Phase-Out: What You Need to Know

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) implemented the following changes:

  • Banned production and import of new R22 after January 1, 2020
  • Prohibited use in new equipment manufacturing
  • Allows continued use of existing R22 supplies for servicing
  • Permits use of recovered and reclaimed R22

Current Options for R22 System Owners

1. Continue Using Your Current System

If your system is working well, you can:

  • Keep using it with existing R22 supplies
  • Service it as needed with recovered/reclaimed R22
  • Monitor for leaks and maintain regularly

2. System Modifications

Consider these alternatives:

  • Retrofit your system to use an alternative refrigerant
  • Upgrade components to accommodate newer refrigerants
  • Consult with EPA-certified technicians for compatibility

3. System Replacement

When considering and air conditioner replacement:

  • Evaluate the age and efficiency of your current system
  • Consider newer systems using alternative refrigerants
  • Factor in long-term cost savings from improved efficiency

Alternative Refrigerants

Primary Alternatives

R-410A (Puron)
  • Higher efficiency
  • No ozone depletion potential
  • Note: Being phased out in 2023 due to high Global Warming Potential (GWP)
R-32
  • Better energy efficiency than R-410A
  • Lower Global Warming Potential
  • Requires system modifications
R-438A (MO99)
  • Minimal system modifications needed
  • Lower GWP
  • Slightly lower efficiency
R-454B
  • Lower GWP than R-410A
  • More environmentally friendly
  • Newer alternative gaining adoption

Maintaining Your R22 System

Signs of Low R22 Pressure

Your system may need attention if you notice:

  • Partial or complete system frozen ac 
  • Inadequate cooling performance
  • Unusual operating sounds
  • Higher energy bills

Common Causes of R22 Loss

  1. Refrigerant Leaks
    • Schrader valve leaks (typically repairable)
    • Evaporator/condenser coil leaks (often costly to repair)
    • Line set micro-leaks
  2. Maintenance-Related Issues
    • Improper initial charging
    • Gauge hose losses during service
    • System modifications or renovations

Professional Service Guidelines

EPA Compliance

  • Technicians must have EPA Section 608 certification
  • Proper leak detection and repair procedures required
  • Regular maintenance recommended to prevent leaks
  • Documentation of service and refrigerant usage

Best Practices

  1. Regular System Inspection
    • Annual maintenance checks
    • Leak detection surveys
    • Performance monitoring
  2. Proper Service Procedures
    • Use of low-loss fittings
    • Accurate refrigerant charging
    • Documentation of all service work

Making Informed Decisions

Factors to Consider

  1. System Age and Condition
    • Current efficiency levels
    • Repair history
    • Expected remaining lifespan
  2. Cost Analysis
    • Current R22 prices
    • Repair costs vs. replacement
    • Energy efficiency savings
  3. Environmental Impact
    • System leak rates
    • Carbon footprint
    • Future regulatory changes

Future Considerations

Industry Trends

  • Increasing focus on low-GWP alternatives
  • Development of more efficient systems
  • Stricter environmental regulations

Planning Ahead

  • Budget for eventual system replacement
  • Monitor new technology developments
  • Consider energy efficiency upgrades

This guide reflects current regulations and best practices as of 2025. Always consult with certified HVAC professionals for specific advice about your system.

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